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Urdu- English Dictionary
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Urdu- English Dictionary - 25th March 2001, 09:06 AM

This was created by Dinesh Prabhu who's clearly put in a lot
of effort and produced a great source of reference.

Use it with acknowledgements to DINESH PRABHU (prabhu@amelia.nas.nasa.gov)
################################################## ##############################
Alphabet
--------
Vowel Pronunciation Key
-----------------------
a : "u" in "but"
aa : "a" in "far"
e : "e" in "bed"
i : "i" in "fit"
ee : "ee" in "feet"
o : "o" in "code"
u : "u" in "put"
oo : "oo" in "booed"
au : "ow" in "how"
ai : "ei" in "neighbor"

Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in very careful
----- speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at the beginning
of a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'.
2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like 'aa'
or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage', i.e., the
h is silent.
3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word is pronounced
like 'e'.
4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization.
5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h, etc.


Letter Transcription Remarks
------ ------------- -------

'alif : a Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
be : b
pe : p Does not occur in Arabic
te : t Used in native words
Te : T Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
se : s Used in loan words
jeem : j
che : ch Does not occur in Arabic
baRi he : H Used in loan words
khe : kh
daal : d
Daal : D Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
zaal : z Used in loan words
re : r
Re : R Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
ze : z Used in native words
zhe : zh Does not occur in Arabic
seen : s
sheen : sh
saad : s Used in loan words
zaad : z Used in loan words
to-e : t Used in loan words
zo-e : z Used in loan words
ain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
ghain : gh
fe : f
qaaf : q
kaaf : k
gaaf : g Does not occur in Arabic
laam : l
meem : m
noon : n
vaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In the
middle it could stand for w/oo/o/au
chhoTi he: h Used in native words
chhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In the
middle it could stand for y/ee/e/ai
baRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and stands for
e or ai

################################################## ##############################

Abbreviations
-------------

Grammatical Word Origin
----------- -----------
n.f. : noun feminine P : Persian
n.m. : noun masculine A : Arabic
pron. : pronoun T : Turkish
adj. : adjective H : Hindi
v. : verb S : Sanskrit
adv. : adverb G : Greek
conj. : conjunction
intj. : interjection
prep. : preposition
suff. : suffix
pref. : prefix
fig. : figurative
plu. : plural
lit. : literal
poet. : poetic

################################################## ##############################

Vocabulary
----------

'alif (long)
------------
aab: water

aab: splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/
temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword)
aab-e-aa'inah: polish of a mirror

aab-e-talkh: bitter water/tears/wine

aab-e-chashm: tears

aabaad: populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happy

aabru: honor/fame/good name/dignity

aap: self/selves/respectful term of address

aatish: fire

aatmaa: soul/spirit/mind

aasim: sinner/culprit

aakhir: last/final

aadaab: manners (plu. of adab)

aadmi: man (lit. offspring of Adam)

aadmiyyat: humanity/human nature/civility

aaraa: embellishing/adorning

aaraam: rest/repose/respite/relief/ease/comfort

aara'ish decoration/adornment/beauty

aarzoo: yearning/desire/wish/longing

aaz: ardent desire/lust/covetousness

aazaad: free/unrestrained

aazardah: annoyed/dejected/uneasy/gloomy/sad

aazmaa'ish: trial/experiment/testing/proving

aas: longing/desire/hope/faith/shelter/refuge

aasaan: light/facile/easy

aasraa: means of subsistence/protection/shelter

aasmaan: heaven/sky

aasmaani: heavenly/celestial/azure

aasoodah: opulent/rich/satisfied

aashaa: desire/hope/longing

aashuftah: perplexed/careworn/distracted/confused

aashnaa: aquaintance/friend/lover

aashiyaan: nest/house

aakhaaz: commencement/outset/beginning

aaghosh: embrace/lap/bosom

aafaat: evils/disasters/misfortunes (plu. of aafat)

aaftaab: sun

aag: flame/fire (fig. anger/passion/love/lust)

aalaap: conversation/preparatory tuning

aan.ch: flame/warmth/fervor/loss/grief

aan.chal: corner of the 'dopaTTa' worn by women

aan.dhee: dust-storm/hurricane

aan.soo: tears

aawaarah: without home

aawaarah: wanderer/vagrant/destitute

aawaaz: noise/sound/cry/shout

aawaazah: rumor/fame/report/reputation

aah: sigh

aahistah: softly/leisurely/slowly

aa'inah: mirror

aayandah: hereafter/in the future



################ ################################################## ##
'alif (short)

-------------
ab: now/presently

ubaal: boiling/rage/anger

ibtidaa': commencement/beginning

abtar: ruined/scattered/worthless

ibtisaam: smile/cheerfulness

ibtilaa: trial/misfortune/suffering

abad: eternity

abr: cloud

abroo: eyebrow

absaar: eyes (plu. of basr)

ibn: son

abnaa': sons (plu. of ibn)

ittiHaad: union/alliance

ittifaaq: agreement/concord/chance/event/opportunity

ittifaaqaan: accidentally

ittikaa': dependence/reliance

itlaaf: loss/ruin/decay

itmaam: completion/perfection

ittihaam: charge/imputation/blame

aTak: obstacle/obstruction

isbaat: proof

asar: mark/sign/trace/effect

ujaaR: ruined/waste/abandoned

ijaazat: permission/leave/sanction

ajnabee: stranger/foreigner/alien

iHtiyaaj: need

iHtiyaat: caution/heed

aHzaan: sorrows (plu. of huzn)

iHsaas: feeling/emotion

iHsaan: beneficence/favor/good deed

akhbaar: news/newspaper

ikhtiyaar: choice/option/power/influence/control/authority

akhz: grasping/seizing/taking

ikhlaas: sincerity/purity/love/selfless worship

adaa: payment of debt/settlement

adaa: charm/grace/beauty

idraak: perception/comprehension

adib: learned, man of letters (plu. udabaa')

iraadah: aim/object/will/desire

arjmand: exalted

urdoo: army/camp

irshaad: instruction/order/command/guidance

arz: land/region/earth

armaan: desire/yearning/wish

azal: eternity/without beginning


asaas: foundation

asbaab: causes/motives/means

ustaad: master/professor

isti'faa: resignation

isti'maal: application/usage/use

asad: lion

asraar: secrets (plu. of sirr)

israaf: waste/extravagance

asfaar: voyages/travels (plu. of safar)


asqaam: evils/weaknesses/defects (plu. of suqm)

asir: prisoner/captive

ishaarah: gesture/symbol/wink/sign

ishtihaar: notification/poster/reputation/renown

ishtiyaaq: longing/craving/desire

ishraaq: dawn/day break/lustre

ashfaaq: favors (plu. of shafaq)

ishfaaq: compassion/kindness

ashqiyaa': cruel/heartless (plu. of shaqi)

ashk: tearS

as-haab: lords/masters (plu. of saahib)

israar: obduracy/persistence/obstinacy

asl: root/foundation/essence (plu. usool)

asli: original/genuine/real/true

iztiraab: restlessness/perturbation/anxiety

iztiraar: helplessness/agitation/constraint

atfaal: children/offspring (plu. of tifl)

iz-haar: disclosure/proclamation/statement/testimony

i'tibaar: trust/confidence/faith/reliance

i'tiraaz: objection/criticism/protest

i'jaaz: miracle/marvel/wonder

i'laam: announcing/notifying

aghlaat: mistakes (plu. of ghalat)

aghyaar: strangers/rivals (plu. of ghair)

uftaad: misery/distress/mishap/foundation

iftikhaar: honor/glory/repute/distinction

ifraat: excess/exuberance/plenty

afsaanah: tale/legend/fiction

afsurdah: melancholy/depressed

afsos: regret/remorse/dejection

ufaq: horizon

iqbaal: prosperity/good fortune/success/confession

iqraar: promise/pledge/confession/declaration/covenant

iqtizaa': requirement/need/demand

akbar: greatest (sup. of kabir)

aksar: most/much/many/frequent

aksar: frequently/usually/generally/often

agar: if/in case

al: the

iltifaat: regard/kindness/favor/friendship

alfaaz: words (plu. of lafz)

amaanat: something given in trust/deposit/security

imtiHaan: examination/test/trial/proof/experiment

imtiyaaz: discrimination/discernment/distinction

ummid: hope/expectation/trust

intikhaab: selection/choice/election

intizaar: waiting (anxiously)/expectation

intizaam: management/order/method/arrangement

intiqaam: revenge/reprisal

anjaam: end/conclusion/result/issue

anjuman: assembly/meeting/society/council

andaazah: measurement/guess/rough estimate

an.dar: within/inside/inward

insaan: man/human being/mankind

insaaniyyat: humanity/civility

in'aam: gift/reward/largesse

inqilaab: revolution

inkaar: denial/contradiction

auqaat: times (plu. of waqt)

auqaat: status/position

awwaal: first/excellent/best

aulaad: children (plu. of walad)

imaan: belief/faith/creed/conscience


################ ################################################## ##

be
--
bi: by/with/from/in/into/near/on/for/towards
(Always prefixed to another word)
ba: by/with/from/in/into/to/on/upon/for/upto
(Always prefixed to another word)
baa: with/by/possessed of

baab: door/gate/chapter/topic/subject

baabul: father

baat: word/saying/speech/tale/news/question/business
proposal/point/gossip/substance

baad: wind/air/breeze

baadshaah: emperor/king

baadal: cloud(s)

baadah: wine/spirits

baadiyah: wilderness/desert

baadiyah: goblet/cup

baar: time/turn/chance/opportunity/delay/obstacle

baar: burden/load/permission/grief/court

baarish: rain

baarah: time/turn/about/in regard of

baareek: fine/slender/delicate/difficult/subtle

baaz: denotes doer/agent

baaz: falcon

baaz: again/back/refusing

baazaar: market

baazaaree: common/low/vulgar/relating to the market

baazoo: arm/fold of a door/flank of an army

baazi: sport/game/wager

baazichah: toy/fun/sport

baagh: garden/orchard/grove

baaqee: remaining/lasting

baaqee: residue/remainder/arrears

baalam: a lover/sweet-heart/husband

baam: upper storey/terrace/balcony

baan: signifying keeper or guardian

baan.kaa: curved/crooked/sly/cunning

baano: lady/gentlewoman

bachchah: child

baHaal: status quo/refreshed/happy

baHs: dispute/argument/debate/controversy

bukhaar: steam/temperature/fever/rage

bakht: good fortune/luck/prosperity

bakhshish: gift/donation/reward/alms/tip

================ ========================================
bad: bad/wicked/evil

bad akhtar: unfortunate

bad anjaam: having a bad end

bad tar: worse/inferior

bad chalan: of bad conduct/ill-mannered/immoral

bad khwaab: nightmare

bad du'aa: curse/malediction

bad sirat: ill-tempered

bad soorat: ugly

bad m'aash: roguish

bad naam: disreputable/notorious/ignominous

bad naseeb: unfortunate/unlucky
================ ========================================

badr: full moon

================ ========================================
badal: exchange/change/substitution

badlaa: exchange/retaliation/revenge
================ ========================================

badan: body

baraabar: equal/even/level/alike/opposite/accurate

bardaasht: endurance/tolerance/patience

barsaat: rain/rainy season

barkat: abundance/prosperity/blessing/auspiciousness

baRhiyaa: superior/of good quality/expensive

buzurg: great/venerable/aged/noble

bazm: assembly/company (at a feast or entertainment)

bas: sufficient/enough/plenty

bisaat: bedding/carpet/chess board/extent/capacity

bast: obstacle/knot/asylum/sanctuary

bistar: bed

bismil: sacrificial animal/a lover

baseraa: roosting/a night's lodging/shelter

bashar: man/mortal

basheer: a messenger of good news

basar: sight/vision/the eye

baghaawat: revolt/rebellion/disloyalty

baghal: armpit/side

balaa: calamity/distress/trial/misfortune

buland: high/lofty/sublime/exalted/tall/loud

billaur: crystal/crystal glass/transparent

ban.dish: composition/elegance of style/plan/obstruction

ban.dagi: devotion/worship/service

bandah: slave/servant/individual/man

bunyaad: foundation

bood: being/existence

bahaadur: brave/valiant/high-spirited

bahaar: spring/prime/bloom/beauty/glory/delight

bahaanah: excuse/pretext/evasion/reason


================================================== ==================
bhool: forgetfulness/omission/mistake/lapse/fault

bhool bhulayyaan.: a maze/labyrinth
================================================== ==================


================================================== ==================
be: without/void of

be aabroo: dishonorable

be ittifaaqi: discord/disunity

be iHtiyaati: incautiousness

be ikhtiyaari: helplessness/without choice

be adab: rude/unmannerly

be i'tibaar: untrustworthy/discredit

be imtiyaaz: indiscriminating

be an.daazah: unlimited/endless

be insaaf: unfair/unjust

be imaan: faithless/liar/cheat

be bas: helpless/weak

be pardah: unveiled/immodest/exposed

be parwaa: heedless/indifferent/above want

be taab: restless/powerless/impatient

be taasir: ineffectual/useless

be tameez: indiscreet/rude/uncultured

be jaan: lifeless

be jurm: faultless

be chain: restless/uneasy

be Hadd: endless/boundless

be Hayaa: shameless/impudent/bare-faced

be khabar: uninformed/ignorant/stupid

be khataa: faultless/innocent

be khud: enraptured/in ecstasy/delirious/senseless

be daad: iniquity/injustice/oppression

be daagh: spotless/without blemish/innocent

be dard: without feeling/pitiless/merciless

be rahm: merciless/cruel

be riyaa: without guile/candid/sincere

be zaar: disgusted/displeased

be zabaan: dumb/speechless/modest

be zar: destitute/poor

be sakhtah: artless/unaffected/natural/plain

be saaz: without tools or apparatus

be sabab: without cause or reason

be sharm: shameless/immodest

be sabr: impatient

be taaqat: powerless

be 'izzat: without honor or respect

be gham: happy/without sorrow

be fikr: free from care or worry

be qadr: worthless

be qaraar: uneasy/restless/unsettled

be qusoor: innocent/not guilty

be kaar: idle/unemployed/useless

be kas: friendless/lonely

be gunaah: innocent/guiltless

be ma'ni: meaningless/absurd

be naam: without name, character or reputation

be naseeb: unfortunate

be nazir: unequalled/matchless/unique

be wajh: without cause

be wafaa: faithless/ungrateful/treacherous

be waqoof: foolish/stupid/dolt

be hunar: unskilled

be hosh: unconscious
================================================== ==================


bayaabaan: desert/wilderness

bayaan: description/statement/account

bait: house/abode

bait: couple/verse

bedaar: awake/alert/vigilant

bezaar: displeased/angry/out of humor

begaanah: strange/alien/foreign

bimaar: sick/ill

################################################## ##############################

pe
--
================================================== ==================
paa: leg/foot/root of a tree

paa ban.d: fettered/bound/subjugated

paa maal: trodden under foot/ruined

paa yaab: fordable/within man's depth
================ ========================================


paar: opposite bank/the end/termination

================ ========================================
paas: custody/regard/supervision

paas baan: guard/sentinel

paas daari: favor/partiality/favoritism
================ ========================================


pak: pure/holy/immaculate/chaste/undefiled

pakeezah: pure/clean/neat

paagal: mad/insane/idiotic/distressed

paani: water/rain/lustre/character/honor

pardah: curtain/screen/veil/secrecy/privacy

parastish: worship

paraknaa: to examine/to test

parwaanah: moth/lover/warrant/permission

parwarish: fostering/rearing/sustenance/protecting

pariwash: fairy-like/beautiful

pareshaan: troubled/distracted/distressed

pasand: choice/approval/preference

pasinaa: perspiration/sweat

pashemaan: penitent/repentant/ashamed

pal: a moment

palak: eyelash/a moment/an instant

panaah: protection/asylum/refuge

pahlu: side/advantage/flank of an army

payaam: message

peshaah: craft/trade/profession

paighaam: message/news/advice

paimaan: promise/agreement/oath/confirmation



################ ################################################## ##


te
--
taab: heat/power/endurance/rage

taabish: heat/splendour/grief/sorrow

taasir: effect/impression

taj: crown/tiara

taarikh: date/annals

taarik: dark/obscure

taazah: fresh/new/tender/happy

taak: look/regard/aim/view

tabaah: ruined/spoiled/depraved/wretched

tabdeel: change

tabassum: smile/smiling

tajribah: experience/experiment/test/proof

toHfaa: a gift

takht: throne/seat

tadbir: deliberation/opinion/advice/arrangement/order

taraanah: harmony/symphony/a kind of song

tarjumaan: interpreter

tars: fear/terror

tars: compassion/pity/mercy

tarraqqee: elevation/promotion/proficiency

tarkeeb: composition/mixture/plan/mode/method

tasallee: consolation/comfort/satisfaction

tasleem: salutation/greeting/resignation/submission

tashreef: honoring

tishnagi: thirst/desire/longing

tasawwur: imagination/fancy/idea

tasawwuf: mysticism

tasweer: picture/portrait/painting

ta'ajjub: wondering/admiration/amazement/surprise

ta'areef: explanation/description/praise/definition

ta'alluq: connection/relation/consideration

taqaazaa: demanding settlement of a debt/importunity

taqdeer: fate/luck

taqriban: approximately

taqwaa: piety/abstinence/fear of God

takleef: imposition of a burden/difficulty/inconvenience

talaash: search/inquiry/quest

talkh: bitter/acrimonious/pungent/unpalatable

talwaar: sword

tamaashaa: entertainment/fun/amusement/sport/spectacle

tamaam: entire/complete/perfect/end

tameez: discernment/judgement/observance of etiquette

tan: body

tanqiH: cleaning/investigation/inquiry/issue

tangi: narrowness/hardship/poverty

tanhaa: alone/solitary

================================================== ==================
taubah: repentance

taubah taubah: Heaven forbid!
================================================== ==================



tauheen: disgrace/contempt/defamation/dishonor/insult

taiyaar: ready/prepared/finished/alert/ripe

teer: arrow

tez: sharp/keen/caustic/pungent/swift/clever

tegh: sword/dagger

################ ################################################## #

Te
--
Taan.g: the leg/a share

Tapaknaa: o leak/to drip/to fall down (fruits)

Takkar: collision/encounter/rivalry/competition

TukRaa: a piece/a morsel/a part/fraction

TooT: breaking/fracture/loss

Thikaanaa: fixed abode/proper place/goal/limit

ThanD: cold/chill

Thokar: obstacle/kick/stumble

TeRh: crookedness

################ ################################################## #

se
--
saabit: confirmed/established/fixed/stable

saabit: a fixed star

saaqib: shining brightly/splendid/sublime

sabaat: stability/endurance/resolution/constancy

sabt: permanence/a seal/writing

suboot: evidence/proof/conviction/constancy/stability

saarwat: wealth/power/influence

saraa: the earth

siqaafat: culture

siqaalat: burden/weight

siqaahat: reliability/trustworthiness

sawaab: reward/recompense

sawaabit: the fixed stars (plu. of saabit)

################ ################################################## #

jeem
----
jaadu: magic/conjuring/charm/effect of evil spirits

jaazib: alluring/attractive

jaaree: running/flowing/current/continuing

jaagir: a fief

jaam: goblet

jaan: soul/life/mind/vigor/sweetheart/beloved

jaanee: of or relating to life

jaanee: a beloved/a lover

jaahil: ignorant/illiterate/barbarous

jaa'edaad: property/estate/assets

jaa'iz: legal/permitted

jabeen.: the forehead

judaa: separate/apart/asunder/peculiar

judaaee: separation/absence

jazb: allurement/attraction

jazbah: passion/rage/desire/feeling

jurm: crime/guilt

jurmaanah: fine/penalty

justjoo: search/inquiry

jism: body

jashn: a feast/celebration

ja'l: counterfeit

jafaa: oppression/injustice/injury

jigar: liver/heart/soul/mind

jalaal: splendor/majesty

jalwah: lustre/splendour/display/show

jamaal: beauty/elegance

janaab: sir!/your honor!

janaazah: corpse/funeral

jumbish: movement

jannat: paradise/garden

jang: battle/war

junoon: madness/insanity

jawaab: answer/equal/parallel/match

jawaan: young/youth

jawaahir: jewls/gems (plu. of jauhar)

josh: heat/zeal/enthusiasm/passion/lust

jahaaz: ship/vessel

jahaan: the world

jahaannum: hell

jeewan: life/existence



################ ################################################## #


che
---
chaarah: remedy/cure/help/aid/resource

chaadar: a sheet/veil/waterfall

chaaq: active/alert/healthy/fat/hale and hearty

chaaqoo: a small knife

chaal: gait/walk/custom/trick/strategem

chaalaak: clever/expert/cunning/nimble

chaan.d: the moon

chaan.dani: moonlight

chaan.di: silver/wealth

chaah: desire/love/affection/need/choice

chitwan: look/glance/appearance

charaagh: lamp

charaagaah: meadow/pasture

chust: alert/active/clever/quick/tight

================ =======================================
cashm: eye/hope

chasm-e-baddoor: God preserve from evil eyes!

chashm-o-chiraag light of the eye/dearly beloved
================ =======================================



chasmak: wink/winking/misunderstanding/spectacles

chakaan.: dropping/distilling

chilman: a venetian blind

chamak: glitter/splendour/flash/gleam

chaman: flower garden

chand: how many/how much/few/how often/how long

chah: used to form dimunitives

chehraa: face/visage/a mask

cheez: thing/commodity

chain: ease/comfort/rest/peace



Word beginning with baRi he/khe

################################################## ##############################

baRi he
-------
Haatim: generous (derived from Haatim Tai)

Haadisah: accident/occurence/calamity/misfortune

Haazir: present/ready/in attendance

Haakim: ruler/governor/judge/an official

Haal: state/condition/narrative/circumstance

Haalat: condition/state/circumstance (plu. Haalaat)

Hubb: love/friendship/desire/affection/wish

Habeeb: beloved/sweetheart/comrade/friend

Hijaab: veil/modesty/bashfulness/night

Hadd: boundary/limit

Hadd: very/at most/utmost point

Hiddat: sharpness/fury/acrimony/poignancy

Hads: novelty/innovation

Hudood: boundaries/penal laws

Hizaaqat: Intelligence/wisdom

Haraarat: heat/fever/ardor/fervor/zeal

Haraam: unlawful/forbidden

Hirs: eager/greediness/desire/ambition

Hoorriyat: emancipation/freedom

Hazm: firmness of mind/resolve

Huzn: grief/sadness/sorrow

Hisaab: reckoning/account/computation/rate/sense

Hasrat: regret/intense sorrow/desire/longing

Husn: beauty/elegance

Haseen: beautiful/elegant/charming/handsome

Hashmat: state/dignity/pomp/retinue

Hisaar: fort/enclosure/fence

Husool: acquisition/profit/advantage/achievement

Hissah: share/portion/lot

Hazrat: dignity/a title of respect

Huzoor: presence of superior authority

Huzoor: Your Highness!

Hifaazat: guarding/security/safety

Haqq: just/truth/right

Haqeeqat: truth/reality/narration/condition

Hukm: order/decree/statute/law

Hikmat: wisdom/knowledge/cleverness/device

Hakeem: wise man/doctor/philosopher

Halaal: legal/permitted

Himaayat: protection/patronage/support/defence

Hamlah: attack/assault/invasion

Hawaas: the senses

Hawaalah: charge/custody/care

Hoor: virgin of Paradise/nymph

Hausalah: capacity/courage/spirit/resolution/desire

Hayaa: modesty/shame

Hayaat: life/existence

Haiseeyat: rank/capacity/merit/status/prestige

Hairaan: amazed/confounded/perplexed/worried



################ ################################################## #

khe
---
khaas: special/particular/private/noble/unmixed

khaatir: the heart/mind/memory/sake/behalf/choice/favor

khaak: dust/earth/ashes

khaalis: pure/genuine/sincere(friend)

khaam: raw/green/inexpert/immature/vain

khaamosh: silent

khaandaan: family/lineage/dynasty

khaanum: lady/princess/wife

khaanah: house/room/compartment/partition

khabar: news/information/report/rumor/notice

khatm: conclusion/seal

khatm: finished/done

khajaalat: shame/bashfulness

khajaalat: happy/auspicious/blessed

khuda: God

khidmat: service/office/duty

kharaab: bad/depraved/ruined/spoiled/wretched/obscene

khurram: happy

khareed: purchase

khazaan.: autumn/decay/old age

khizaanah: treasury/treasure

khastah: wounded/broken/sorrowful

khushk: dry/withered/cynic

khatt: letter/note/mark

khataa: mistake/slio/oversight/error

khutbah: sermon/oration/introduction

khatrah: danger/fear/risk

khafaa: concealment/secrecy

khafaa: angry/displeased

khalaas: deliverance/redemption/freedom

khilaaf: opposition/contraiety/falsehood

khilaaf: against

khalish: prick/pain/anxiety/apprehension

khumaar: intoxication

khanjar: dagger

khwaab: sleep/dream

khwaar: wretched/deserted/friendless/poor

khwaahish: desire/request/demand

khoob: good/excellent/beautiful/amiable

khood: j. self/private/personal/own

khoodi: egotism/vanity/presence of mind

khoorsheed: sun

khoosh: pleasing/happy

khoon: blood/murder

khiyaaban: flower-bed/flower garden

khayaal: thought/imagination/opinion/care/respect

khair: good/best

khair: very well

khair: welfare/happiness



################ ################################################## #

daal
----
daakhil: entering

daad: justice/appeal/revenge/praise

daar: gallows/a piece of wood

daar: having/holding

daar: house/country

daaraa: holder/sovereign/king

daaru: alcohol

daaru: medicine/remedy

daastaan: story/fable/tale

daagh: scar/blemish/stain/calamity/grief/loss

daam: net/snare

daam: price/value

daaman: skirt/foot of a mountain/a lap

daanaa: wise/learned

daanistah: knowingly

daanish: knowledge/science/learning

daa'im: perpetual/permanent

dakhl: entrance/access/reach/skill

dar: door/gate/entrance

dar: in/into/within/to/about/by

durr: pearl

daraaz: long/tall/extended

darbaar: court (royal)

darkhwaasht: request/petition/appeal

dard: pain/affliction/sympathy/compassion

dars: sight/view/look

durust: right/proper/well/safe/precise

durusht: rough/hard/rigid/oppressive/fierce

darmiyan: middle/midst/interval

darwaazah: door/gate

darya: a large river/sea

duzd: thief

dastoor: custom/usage/manner/rule

dushman: enemy

dushnaam: abuse/invective

dushwaar: difficult

du'aa: blessing/prayer/wish

da'wat: invitation/banquet

da'waa: claim/law suit/charge/demand/accusation

daghaa: deceit/treachery/delusion

daf'a: time/turn/section/class

dafn: burial/concealment

diqqat: difficulty/intricacy/minute point


================ =======================================
dil: heart/soul/courage/generosity/wish

dil aawar: brave/valiant

dilbar: lovely/sweetheart

dil band: charming/attractive

dil chasp: interesting/pleasing/delightful

dil kharaash: heart rending

dil daar: charming/beloved

dil daar: sweetheart

dil daari: consolation

dil doz: heart-piercing

dil rubaa: fascinating/alluring

dil rubaa: fascinating/alluring

dil rubaa: sweetheart

dil sokhtah: grieved/suffering

dil soz: touching/pathetic/passionate/ardent

dil shaad: cheerful

dil fareb: charming/alluring/enticing/beautiful

dil figaar: melancholy

dil kash: attractive/winning

dil geer: melancholy

dil lagi: amusement/diversion

dil nawaaz: soothing (the mind)
================ =======================================


dilaasaa: consolation/encouragement

dam: breath/vitality/moment/edge of a sword

dimaagh: brain/intellect/airs/conceit

dunyaa: world/worldly goods

dawaa: medicine

door: distant/remote/far

daur: revolving/period/cycle/orbit

dost: friend/lover

daulat: riches/fortune/happiness/cause/means

diyaar: country/region

deedaar: sight/interview

deedah: the eye

deen: faith/religion

deewaar: a wall

deewaanah: madman



################ ################################################## #

Daal
----
Daabar: lake/pond/water pot

Daakaa: robbery

Dar: fear

Dagar: path/road

################ ################################################## #

zaal
----
zaat: being endowed with/soul/self/caste/race

zaati: innate/inherent/essential/natural

zaakir: remembering/grateful

zaakir: grateful person/obe who praises God

zikr: remembrance/memory/Qur'an recital

zillaat: insult/dishonor/affront/abjectness

zaleel: abject/base/wretched/contemptible

zauq: taste

zehn: acumen/wit/sagacity/understanding

################ ################################################## #

re
--
raaHat: rest/repose/comfort/tranquility/ease

raaz: mystery/secret

raast: true/honest/straight/even/level

raastah: path/road/manner

raazi: willing/satisfied/agreed/pleased

================ =======================================
raah: road/pathcustom/journey/method

raah bar: a guide

raah numaa: conductor/leader/guide
================ =======================================

rabb: creator/god

rahm: mercy/pity/compassion/kindness/tenderness

rukh: face/cheek/side/point

rukhsaar: face/cheek/complexion/aspect

rukhsat: leave/permission/dismissal/indulgence

radd: rejection/repulsion/returning

razm: war/battle

rasm: marking/writing/established usage/model/law

rasan: rope/string/cord

ruswaa: infamous/dishonored/disgraced

rasool: a prophet

rishtah: thread/line/relationship/kinship/alliance

rashk: jealousy/envy/malice/spite

raghbat: strong desire/esteem/pleasure

raftaar: speed/pace/walk/motion

rafi': high/sublime/exalted

rafeeq: friend/ally

raqs: dance/dancing

raqeeb: rival/competitor

ran.j: grief/sorrow/trouble/inconvience

ran.jish: grief/indignation/misunderstanding/anguish

ran.g: color/dye/fashion/enjoyment

ran.geen: colored/lively/elegant/flowery/figurative

rawaanah: despatched/proceeding

rooH: soul/spirit/life/essence/divine revelation

roz: a day

roz: daily

rozah: a fast

raushan/roshan: light/illuminated/bright/clear/splendid

raunaq: lustre/beauty/elegance/freshness

resham: silk



################################################## #######################

Re
--
This letter t occur as the first letter of a word and hence
there are nos. The letter has the sound of a hardened 'r'
and is oftennterchangeably with Daal.

################################################## #######################

ze
--
zaar: weeping/lamentation/garden/desire/wish

zabaan: tongue/language/flame (of a candle)

zabar: above/superior/greater/top

zabardast: vigorous/violent/tyrranical/superior



zaHmat: uneasiness of mind/trouble/pain

zakhm: wound/damage/loss

zadah: struck/stricken/oppressed

zar: gold

zukaam: cold

zulf: curl/ringlet/tress

zamaanah: time/age/period

zameen: ground/earth

zanjeer: chain

zindaan: prison/jail

zindagi: life/living/existence

zindah: alive/living

zinhaar: never/by no means

zinhaar: beware!

zood: quickly/soon/suddenly

zor: force/strength/power/influence/stress

zahr: poison

ziyaadah: too much/more/excessive

ziyaarat: pilgrimage/visit (a shrine)

zebaa: adorned/beautiful/proper/graceful

zeenat: decoration/beauty



################ ################################################## #

zhe
---
zhaalah: hail/dew/frost

zharf: deep/penetrating/acute of mind

zholeedah: dishevelled/entangled/intricate

zhiyaan: terrible/furious/angry/rapacious

################ ################################################## #

seen
----
saajan: lover/sweetheart/beloved

saaHir: magician

saaHil: shore/beach

saadah: simple/plain/candid/sincere

saaz: apparatus/equipment/concord

saazish: conspiracy/intrigue/collusion

saaqee: cup-bearer/page/beloved

saal: year

saalim: safe/sound/perfect/whole

saamaan: apparatus/custom/understanding/power

saan.ch: truth/reality

saan.s: breath/sigh

saa'ir: thw whole/the rest/wandering/walking/tax/duty

saayah: shadow/shade/shelter/apparition

sabab: cause/reason

sabaq: lesson/lecture/advancing

subuk: light/delicate/trivial/frivolous/futile

sitaarah: star

sitaan.: taking/seizing

sitam: oppression/tyranny/injustice/violence

sajdah: prostration

saHar: dawn/morning

sakht: hard/firm/cruel/harsh/vehement

sukhan: speech/words/business/affair

sukhan war: eloquence

sar: head/top/pinnacle/origin/chief/desire

sar afraaz: exalted

sar bastah: hidden/secret

sar basar: wholly/entirely

sar buland: eminent/glorious

sar taabee: rebellion

sar taaj: chief/leader

sar-e dast: at present/immediately

sar-e raah: on the road

sar zameen: country/limits/region

sar-e shaam: about evening/evening

sar-o saamaan: necessities/furniture/luggage

siraaj: lamp/candle/sun

surkh: red

sard: cold/damp/dull/dead

suroor: pleasure/joy/exhilaration

sazaa: correction/punishment/requital

sust: loose/frail/lazy/slow/dull

sifaarish: recommendation

safar: journey

safed: white

saktah: trance/swoon/pause

sukoot: silence/peace/rest/tranquility

sukoon: peace/rest/tranquility

salaam: salutation/peace/safety/compliment

silsilah: chain/series/pedigree/genealogy

saleeqah: good disposition/good taste/mode/skill

sang: stone/weight

sanh: year/era

siwaa: except/save/but/besides

sawaal: question/petition/application/request/demand

saudaa: trade/marketing/goods

soz: burning/passion/vexation

saugand: oath

soona: void/empty/desolate/lonely

siyaah: black/dark/unfortunate/bad

sair: walk/excursion/recreation/amusement

seerat: quality/nature/disposition

sailaab: flood/deluge/torrent

seenah: chest/bosom



################ ################################################## #

sheen
-----
shaabaash: bravo! well done! (contr. of shaadbaash)

shaakh: branch/bough/dilemma/difficulty/objection

shaad: happy/cheerful/delighted

shaadaab: full of water/fresh/agreeable/verdant

shaa'ir: poet

shaagird: pupil/apprentice/servant

shaam: evening

shaamil: including/comprising/connected/mingled/common

shaan: dignity/glory/grandeur

shaah: king/prince/monarch

shaahtir: a beam/roof support

shahzaadah: prince

shaayad: perhaps/probably



shab: night

shab bakhair: goodnight!

shabnam: dew



shabaab: youth

shabeenah: nocturnal

shujaa': brave

shakhs: a person/individual/being/body

sharaab: wine/liquor

sharaarah: spark/gleam/flash

sharaafat: nobility/civility/good manners

shart: condition/agreement/wager

sharm: shame/modesty

shuroo': beginning

shareef: noble/eminent/honorable

shi'r: verse/couplet

shu'lah: flame/blaze/flash/light

shu'oor: wisdom/intellect

shafaqat: kindeness/compassion/mercy

shakk: doubt/suspense/hesitation

shikaar: hunting/prey

shikaayat: complaint/accusation/illness

shukr: gratitude

shakl: form/appearance/model/image/diagram

shikwah: complaint/chiding

shumaar: counting/numbering/estimation/account

shams: the sun

shamsher: sword

shama': lamp/candle

shinaas: knowing/acquainted with/intelligence

shokh: playful/mischievous/bold/insolent

shor: noise/outcry/tumult/clamor/ardor

shauq: taste/fondness/desire/interest

shahd: honey

shahr: city

shuhrat: renown/fame/rumor

shaheed: martyr

shaikh: elder

shekhi: bragging

sher: lion/tiger/brave man

shireen: sweet/pleasant/gentle

shishah: glass/bottle/glass pane

shaitaan: satan/devil/demon


################ ################################################## #


saad
----
saahib: master/lord/ruler/companion/title

saaf: clean/pure/innocent/clear/legible/plain

subH: morning/dawn

sabr: patience/endurance/submission/suffering

suHbat: companionship/society/conversation

saHraa: plain/desert

saHeeH: right/correct/genuine/sound/pure/just

sadr: chest/bosom/chief

sadmah: shock/blow/calamity/collision/suffering

sirf: only/mere/sheer

sirf: purely/exclusively

sa'oobat: difficulty/hardship

salaaH: peace/treaty/integrity/advice/counsel

sanam: idol/sweetheart/mistress

surat: form/figure/countenance/aspect/manner/plight



################ ################################################## #


zaad
----
zaabit: governor/master/possessor

zaabit: strict/punctual/patient/disciplinarian

zaabitah: rule/custom/canon/law/code

zaamin: sponsor/surety/guarantor

zaa'i: lost/destroyed/wasted/fruitless

zidd: the contrary/opposition/stubborness

zarb: injury/beating/impression (plu. zarbaat)

zarar: injury/damage/harm/affliction/loss/ruin

zaroor: necessary/expedient/needful

zaroor: certainly/absolutely

zaroorat: need/compulsion/want/exigency

zu'f: weakness/feebleness

za'if: weak/infirm/feeble/old/faint

zalaal: error/fault/vice

zamaanat: surety/bond

zameer: mind/heart/thought/reflection/sense

zau: light/sunlight

ziyaa: light/splendour/brilliancy

zeeq: anguish/melancholy/


################ ################################################## #

to-e
----
taab: sweet/agreeable/pure/excellent

taa'at: obedience/devotion (plu. taa'aat)

taaq: arch/cupola/niche

taaqat: strength/power/might

taalib: seeker/enquirer/lover/candidate

tabi'at: nature/temperament/disposition

tapaan.: palpitating/throbbing

tarh: manner/mode/form/design/plan

tarz: manner/fashion/way

taraf: side/margin/direction

tariqah: method/custom/path/way

ta'n: blame/reproach/censure/chide

talaaq: divorce/repudiation

talab: search/inquiry//wish/demand/request

taur: manner/condition/mode/state

toofaan: storm/tempest/hurricane

taiyyaar: ready


################ ################################################## #
zo-e
----

zaalim: tyrant/oppressor

zaahir: manifest/clear/evident

zaahiraa: outwardly/manifestly

zarif: witty/subtle/fine

zafar: victory/triumph/gain

zulm: ppression/tyranny

zann: suspicion

zaheer: ally/associate

################ ################################################## #

ain
---
'aajiz: powerless/weak/helpless/dejected

'aadat: custom/habit/usage/practice/manner

'aadil: just/sincere/righteous

'aazim: determined/resolute

'aashiq: lover/suitor

'aaqibat: end/conclusion/future life

'aaqibat: finally/at last

'aaqil: wise/sensible

'aalam: world/universe/regions/public/beauty/period

'aalim: learned/wise/intelligent

'aali: high/sublime/exalted/grand

'aam: common/public/general/ordinary (plu. 'awaamm)

'ibaadat: prayers/devotion

'ibaarat: composition/style/diction

'abas: useless/profitless/trifling/idle

'abd: slave/servant of God

'ibrat: warning/admonition

'itaab: rebuke/reproach/anger/displeasure

'ajab: wonder/astonishment

'ajab: wonderful/amazing/strange/rare

'ajeeb: wonderful/surprising/rare/admirable/unique

'adaalat: court of justice/tribunal/justice/law

'adam: non-existence/nothing/annihilation

'azaab: torment/pain/punishment

'arsh: roof/canopy/highest heaven

'arz: petition/request/exposition/review

'irfaan: knowledge/science/wisdom

'urooj: ascension/rising/exaltation

'uryaan: naked/bare/devoid

'izzat: honor/esteem/glory/reputation

'azeez: dear/beloved/honored/respected/worthy

'ishrat: pleasure/enjoyment/mirth/society

'ishq: love/excessive passion

'atr: perfume

'atf: kindness/favor/affection/present

'azeem: great/high in dignity/large

'iffat: purity/chastity

'aql: intellect/reason/knowledge

'uqoobat: punishment/torment/torture

'ilaaj: cure/treatment/antidote

'ilaaqah: jurisdiction/area/tenure

'illat: fault/defect/bad habit/illness/pretext/basis

'ilm: knowledge/science/doctrine

'aleem: wise/learned

'imaarat: building/edifice

'umr: age/life-time/span of life

'amalan: practically/truly

'inaad: enmity/obstinacy

'awaam: populace/common people (plu. of 'aam)

'aurat: woman/wife/nudity

'aiyaash: luxurious/rakish/addicted to pleasure

'aish: pleasure/delight/luxury


################ ################################################## #

ghain
-----

ghaalib: victorious/predominant

ghaalib: often/likely/most probably

ghaa'ib: hidden/absent

ghubaar: vapor/fog/mist/dust/vexation

ghaddaar: disloyal/treacherous

gharaz: intention/meaning/design/view/want

ghuroor: pride/vanity

gharib: poor/destitute/strange/innocent/wonderful

ghazal: ode/poem

ghash: stupor/fainting

ghussah: anger/passion/rage/anxiety/grief

ghaflat: negligence/drowsiness/stupor

ghulaam: slave/boy/youth

ghalat: wrong/incorrect/inaccurate

ghaleez: dirty/filthy/gross/coarse/obscene


================ =======================================
gham: grief/sorrow/concern/care

gham khwaar: consoling

gham deedah: afflicted/grieved

gham gusaar: comforter
================ =======================================

ghammaaz: informer/tattletale/back-biting

ghaur: deep thought/meditation/close attention

ghair: stranger/foreigner

ghair: besides

ghair: other/different/alien/bad

ghair: without/except/but/save

ghairat: honor/modesty/bashfulness/envy/enmity

################ ################################################## #

fe
--
faakhir: a boaster

faash: apparent/known/notorious

faasilah: distance/space/separation

faazil: superfluous/accomplished person/virtuous

faaqah: starvation/fasting/poverty

faa'idah: benefit/profit/utility

faa'iq: superior/great

fitnah: sedition/revolt/mischief/temptation

fatwaa: judicial decree

fakhr: glory/honor/pride/egotism

fida: sacrifice/devotion/ransom/exchange

fidaa'ee: lover

firaaq: separation/anxiety/absence/distance

firdaus: garden/paradise

farishtah: angel/apostle/prophet/messenger

fursat: opportunity/leisure/rest/recovery

farz: duty/moral obligation/statute

farq: difference/distance/separation/defect

furqat: separation/disunion/absence (of lovers)

farmaan: mandate/order/royal decree

farmaa'ish: order for goods/requisition/pleasure/will

faro: down/below/under

faryaad: complaint/cry

fareb: deceit/trick/fraud

faza': lamentation/wailing

fasanah: romance/tale/fable

fazl: excellence/virtue/reward/wisdom

fitrat: nature/creation/deceit/intrigue/wisdom

fughaan.: clamor/lamentation/cry of distress

faqr: poverty

fikr: opinion/notion/care/concern/anxiety/counsel

figaar: wounded/sore/afflicted/confused

falak: sky/heaven/fortune/fate

fuwaad: the heart

fauj: army/crowd/multitude

fauran: immediately/quickly/directly

fahm: understanding/intellect

faisalah: settlement/decree/decision

faiz: liberality/grace/bounty



################ ################################################## #


qaaf
----
qaabil: worthy/able/competent/deserving/clever

qaaboo: power/command/authority/possession/hold

qaatil: murderer/assassin/homicide

qaazee: judge

qaa'idah: custom/rule/manners/habit/established order

qaafiyah: rhyme/metre/cadence

qaanoon: rule/law/system/state

qaa'il: confessing/agreeing/conceding/subdued

qaa'im: erect/stagnant/firm/durable

qabr: grave/tomb

qabzah: gridp/clutch/possessing/power/hilt of a sword

qubool: consent/acceptance/assent/recognition

qatl: killing/murder/assassination

qadd: stature/size/height

qadr: dignity/honor/worth/value

qudrat: power/strength/universe/nature

qadam: step/pace/footstep

qaraar: residence/stability/rest/patience/satisfaction

qurbaan: sacrifice/victim/offering

qarz: debt/loan

qareeb: near/adjacent/akin/approaching

qasam: an oath

qism: sort/kind/species/portion/nature

qismat: fortune/fate/share/portion/head/category

qusoor: fault/defect/blame/sin/failure

qissah: tale/fable/romance/quarrel/dispute

qazaa: fate/destiny/jurisdiction/judgement

qafas: cage/network/body

qalb: heart/mind/soul/intellect/marrow/pith

qalam: reed/pen/handwriting

qamar: the moon

qaul: word/saying/promise/consent/vow

qaum: nation/people

qiyaamat: resurrection/Judgement Day/tumult

qaid: imprisonment/confinement/obstacle/control

qeemat: price/value/woth/cost



################ ################################################## #


kaaf
----
kaatib: scribe/writer

kaazib: false

kaar: affair/work/labor/duty/profession

kaarwaan: caravan/large company of pilgrims

kaasah: cup/goblet/bowl

kaash: would that !

kaashif: discoverer/revealer

kaaghaz: paper/letter/document

kaafir: infidel/sweetheart/mistress

kaafir: impious/ungrateful

kaafur: camphor

kaafi: sufficient/enough


================ =======================================
kaam: palate/desire/object/purport/design/intention

kaamraan: successful/fortunate/happy/blessed

kaam yaab: prosperous/successfulhappy/satisfied
================ =======================================

kaahish: anxiety/pining/decline/decay

kaahil: lazy/slow/indolent/relaxed/tardy/ailing

kabootar: pigeon/dove

kabeer: great/large/immense

kitaab: book/writing/despatch

kasrat: bundance/excess/bulk

kadah: a place (usually a suff.)

karam: kindness/favor/bounty/clemency

kareem: bountiful/generous/merciful/epithet of God

kas: man/person

kasab: profession/trade

kasr: breach/loss/affliction

kasal: laxity/cowardice/depression/sickness

kiswat: dress/appearance/habit/figure/form/manner

kashaakash: struggle/dilemma/contention/grief and pain

kashti: ship/boat/vessel/tray

kashish: drawing/attraction/allurement

kufr: paganism/infidelity/profanity

kafan: shroud

kul: all/complete/entire/aggregate/universe

kalaam: discourse/oration/a work/composition/objection


================ =======================================
kam: deficient/few/little/rare/scanty

kam bakht: unfortunate/wretched

kamzor: weak/feeble/powerless
================ =======================================




kamaal: excellence/perfection/miracle/art

kamaan: bow/arch/spring

kamar: waist/girdle/zone/army flank/arch

kamee: deficiency/loss/abatement/reduction/dearth

kameenah: mean/vulgar/base/defective

kinaarah: shore/river bank/edge/margin/limit

kandah: carved/engraved

koshish: attempt/endeavor/labor/exertion

koft: beating/pain/vexation/grief/gilding

kaul: mouthful/morsel

koh: mountain/hill

kaif: intoxication

kaifiyyat: narrative/circumstances/explanation/situation

keenah: malice/rancor/enmity



################ ################################################## #


gaaf
----

giraan.: precious/costly/dear/important/heavy

gard: trifle/dust

gird: round/circumference/environs

girdaab: whirlpool/abyss/vortex

gardish: revolution/circulation/misfortune/vagrancy

gardan: the neck

giriftaar: captured/seized/smitten/prisoner/captivated

garm: hot/burning/ardent/choleric/lively

girau: pledge/pawn

girah: knot/joint/knuckle

giriyaan.: weeping/crying

giryah: weeping/lamentation/crying/plaint

gaz: a yard measure

guzaarish: petition/request/explanation

guzaarah: living/subsistence/passage/abode

guzar: a pass/a living/a road

gazeedah: stung/bitten

guzeedah: selected/chosen

gusaar: taking away/dissipating/removing

gustaakhee: rudeness/arrogance/audacity

guftgoo: conversation/discourse


================ =======================================
gul: rose/flower/ornament/brand

gul badan: delicate/graceful

gul dastah: a bouquet

gul zaar: flower-bed/garden

gul sitaan.: rose-garden

gulshan: a flower or rose garden
================ =======================================


gulaab: the rose

gilah: complaint/blame/reproach/lamentation


================ =======================================
gum: lost/missing/distracted

gum raah: astray/lost/wicked/depraved

gum sum: still/silent

gum gashtah: lost/wandering

gum naam: nameless/anonymous/unknown/inglorious
================ =======================================

gumaan: doubt/surmise/fancy/pride/opinion/distrust

gunaah: fault/sin/crime/guilt

gawaaraa: palatable/agreeable/pleasant/nice

gawaah: a witness

gawaahee: testimony/evidence

gosh: the ear

goshah: corner/angle/cell/privacy

goyaa: speaking/eloquent

geer: taking/holding/seizing/conquering

gesoo: tresses/locks

gaihaan.: the world/the universe


################ ################################################## #

laam
================ ======================================= ----
laa: no/not/by no means/without

laa jawaab: rendered speechless/silenced

laa chaar: helpless/destitute/forlorn/disabled

laa waaris: heirless
================ =======================================


laazim: necessary/compulsory/important

laash: corpse

laa'iq: worthy/suitable/able/qualified/decent

lab: the lip/edge/margin/shore/bank

laHzah: the twinkling of an eye/moment/glance

lazzat: taste/flavor/enjoyment/pleasure

larzaan.: termbling/tremulous/fearing

lataafat: pleasantness/elegance/subtility

lutf: kindness/favor/grace/pleasure

latmah: slap/blow

lateefah: pleasantry/witticism/joke

lughat: tongue/speech/dialect/word/dictionary

lifaafah: cover/envelope/wrapper/secret

lafz: word/saying

luknat: stammering/speech impediment

lagaam: bridle/rein

lamHah: minute/moment

lang: lameness/limp

lan.gar: anchor/cable/rope/public kitchen/alms

lau: candle flame/ardent desire/attachment

lauH: plank/board/table/tablet/title page

liyaaqat: worth/ability/merit/skill



################ ################################################## #


meem
================ ======================================= ----
maa: which/what/that which/whilst/during

maa ba'd: following

maa Haul: surroundings/environs

maa faat: what is past or dead

maa waraa: what is beyond or behind
================ =======================================



maatam: mourning/grief

maal: riches/property/merchandise/revenue

maalik: master/lord/owner/God

maani': impediment/hinderance/objection/stopper

================ =======================================
maah: the moon/month

maah paaraa: handsome/beloved

maah taab: moonlight

maah jabeen: a beautiful person

maah wash: having a face as beautiful as the moon
================ =======================================


maahir: skilled/expert/master/excel

maayoos: without hope/disappointed

mubaarak: auspicious/blessed/felicitation

mubaahaat contending for glory/boasting/arrogance

mubtada: commencement/principle

mutaassif: sorrowful/repentant/grieving

mutabassim: smiling/laughing

mutaHammil: affable/tolerant/patient/passive

mutaraddid: hesitant/perplexed/wavering/grieved

matrook: abandoned/obsolete/rejected

muta'assib: prejudiced/partial/superstitious

matwalaa: intoxicated/inebriated

mutawaqqi': expecting/hopeful

matin: strong/solid/vigorous/obstinate

misaal: simile/likeness/metaphor/example

masal: proverb/example

majaal: power/strength/stability/opportunity

majboor: compelled/helpless/oppressed

mujrim: criminal/culpable/faulty

mujrim: felon/criminal/sinner

majrooh: wounded/hurt/smitten

majma': congregation/assemblage/crowd/collection

majnoon.: insane/madly in love

muHaafiz: protector/guardian/guard

maHabbat: love/friendship

maHboob: lover/friend/sweetheart

maHboob: loved/lovely

maHboobah: mistress/sweetheart

maHboos: confined/imprisoned

muHtaj: needy/poor/defective

maHjoob: modesty/shame/bashfulness

maHdood: limited/bounded/finite

maHroom: deprived/unlucky/prohibited/disappointed

moHzoon: grieved/vexed

muHsin: patron/benefactor

maHsood: envied/hated

maHsoos: felt/perceived/sensible

maHzooz: pleased/delighted/rich/contented

maHfil: congregation/assembly

maHfooz: kept safe/guarded/secure/memorized

muHallah: quarter(of a city)/street/ward

miHnat: labor/toil/difficulty/trial

makhboot: mad/insane

mukhtasar: concise/abbreviated

makhmal: velvet

makhmoor: intoxicated/drunk

madaar: circumference/orbit/station/dependence

mudaam: eternally/always/continually

muddat: period(of time)

madad: help/assistance/reinforcement/wages

madhosh: intoxicated/astonished

mazaaq: joke/taste/relish/perception

mazhab: religion/sect/doctrine

muraad: desire/will/intention/vow/tenor/meaning

martabah: degree/office/class/order

marhalah: stage/inn/day's journey/difficulty

marhoom: dead/deceased

mard: man/male/hero/husband

murdah: dead/weak/decrepit

murshid: teacher/spiritual guide

marghoob: desired/beautiful

marqoom: written/inscribed

marmar: marble

marham: ointment/salve/cure

mareez: patient

mizaaj: mixture/temperament/humor/pride

mazaar: shrine/tomb/grave

mazah: taste/relish/enjoyment/pleasure

musaafir: traveller/stranger

mast: drunk/intoxicated

masroor: glad/cheerful/pleased

mash'al: torch/lantern

mushkil: difficult/intricate/hard/painful

mashhoor: noted/famous/reported/proclaimed

museebat: misfortune/calamity/adversity/evil

mazboot: strong/firm/resolute/valid

mutaqbiq: conformable/suitable/like/in accordance with

matlab: object/aim/meaning/motive/wish/desire

mazloom: injure/oppressed/wronged

mu'aahid: ally/confederate

mu'ijzah: miracle

ma'shooq: beloved/sweetheart

ma'loom: known/evident/clear

ma'mool: governed/prepared/customary

ma'nee: meaning/intent/signifcance/reality/essence

maghz: brain/pith/intellect

maghroor: proud/arrogant

maghloob: conquered/subdued

muft: free/gratis

maftoon: tempted/enamored/charmed/mad (with love)

muflis: poor/indigent/bankrupt

maflook: indigent/beggarly/destitute

mufeed: profitable/beneficial/useful

muqaabil: opposite/converse/against/matching

maqaal: word/speech/saying/proverb

maqaam: dwelling/station/position/basis

maqbarah: tomb/grave

maqbool: accepted/chosen/grateful

muqaddar: fate/destiny/predestination

muqaddam: antecedent/prior/superior/chief

muqir: confessing/admitting/acknowledging

muqarrar: established/fixed/certain/customary/permanent

maqsad: intention/purpose/aim/goal/desire

maqsood: intended/proposed

makkaar: cunning/artful/deceitful

makaan: house/place/habitation

mukaddar: turbid/muddy/sullen/gloomy/vexed

mukarrar: repeatedly/again

maknoon: hidden/concealed

magar: unless/perhaps/except/but/however

mulaazim: servant/aide

mulaaqaat: meeting/encounter/interview/visit

malaal: sadness/grief/langor/fatigue

malaamat: censure/rebuke

mulaa'im: soft/tender/gentle/placid

mulk: nation/realm/territory

malool: sad/depressed/tired/bored

mumtaaz: exalted/eminent/chosen

mumkin: possible/feasible

munaasib: proper/suitable/fit/apt/congruous

munHasir: surrounded/besieged/dependent/resting

manzil: day's journey/destination/storey/house

manish: heart/mind/soul/magnanimity/pride

manzar: countenance/visage/sight/aspect/scene

manzoor: admired/chosen/approved/accepted/granted

mana': prohibition/refusal/hindrance/forbidding

maut: death/mortality

mauj: wave/surge/enjoyment/ecstasy/caprice/plenty

moojib: cause/reason

maujood: present/existing/at hand/ready

mausam: season/time

mauqa': occasion/opportunity/place/situation

mom: wax

mua'yyid: corroborative/confirmatory

muhaajir: refugee/emigrant

mahtaab: moonlight

mihrbaani: favor/kindness

muhlat: retarding/delay/respite/leisure

mihmaan: guest


================ =======================================
mai: wine/liquor

mai khaanah: bar/tavern

mai kadah: bar/tavern
================ =======================================


maidaan: open field/battlefield/ground

muyassar: facilitated/easy/possible/feasible

################ ################################################## #

noon
----
naa: no/not/termination of the infinitive

naa aashnaa: not acquainted/stranger

naa ittifaaqi: discord/disagreement

naa ummeedee: hopelessness/despair

naa insaafi: injustice

naa bood: nonexistent/annihilated/extinct

naa paa'idari: inconstancy/frailty

naa pasand: disliked/unacceptable/offensive

naa tars: hard-hearted/severe/pitiless

naa tamaam: incomplete

naa tawaani: weakness/inability

naa jaa'iz: unlawful

naa chaar: helpless/destitute/forlorn

naa cheez: trifling/insignificant/worthless

naa khushi: disagreeableness/displeasure

naa daari: poverty

naa daanistah: unwittingly/unknowingly

naa daani: ignorance

naa deedah: greedy

naa raasti: dishonesty

naa raazi: discontent

naa saaz: indisposed/dissonant/uncivil

naa samajh: ignorant/dull/foolish

naa shaad: cheerless/joyless/dull

naa shukr: ungrateful

naa shinaas: ignorant

naa saaf: unclean/impure/unchaste

naa saboor: impatient/restless

naa taaqat: weak/feeble

naa farmaan: dj. disobedient

naa fahm: stupid

naa qaabil: unfit/unworthy/incapable

naa qadr: unappreciative

naa kaam: unsuccessful

naa kas: worthless/base

naa gawaar: unpleasant/unpalatable

naa laa'iq: unworthy/unsuitable/improper

naa muraad: disappointed

naa mard: unmanly

naa ma'loom: unknown

naa mumkin: impossible

naa manzoor: disallowed

naa yaab: scarce/rare

================ =======================================
naataa: relationship/alliance/kin/affinity

naach: dance

naakhun: nail/claw

naadir: rare/singular/precious

naadim: penitent/ashamed/bashful

naar: fire/hell

naaz: coquetry/airs/pride/elegance/softness/delicacy

naazish: pride/arrogance

naazuk: thin/slender/fragile/delicate

naasoot: humanity/human nature

naafiz: having effect/piercing

naak: affected with/full of

naalaan: lamenting/moaning

naalish: complaint/accusation

naam: name/title/honor/fame/

naamah: treatise/book/history

naa'o: boat/ship/vessel

naa-onosh: carousing/feasting

naa'ib: ssistant/deputy

nabz: the pulse

nabi: a prophet

nataa'ij: results/consequences (plu. of nateejah)

nateejaa: result


nisaar: throwing/dispersion/scattering/sacrifice

najm: star/planet/fortune/horoscope

najeeb: praiseworthy/noble/generous

nakhraah: airr/coquetry/trick/pretence/swagger

nadeem: intimate friend

nar: man/male

niraalee unequalled/rare/strange

nargis: Narcissus/the eye of a mistress

narm: smooth/tender/soft/slow

nazaakat: neatness/elegance/politeness

nazdeek: near

nisbat: elation/affinity/attribute/comparison

naseem: Zephyr/gentle breeze

nishaan: mark/sign/signal/emblem/target/scar/trace

nishaanee: mark/sign/souvenir/keepsake

nashaah: intoxication/pride/arrogance

nasheen: sitting

nusrat: victory

naseeb: fortune/fate/destiny

naseeHat: advice/counsel/admonition

nazaarah: sight/view/vista

nazaafat: purity/neatness

nizaam: order/arrangement/custom/system

nazar: look/glance/favor/motive/view/countenance

nazm: poetry/verse

nazm: order/arangement

na'sh: coffin/corpse/bier

ni'am: favors/benefits

na'eem: pleasure/ease/tranquility

naghmaah: melody/song/musical note

nafrat: aversion/disgust/fright/terror

nafs: soul/spirit/essence

naqsh: painting/picture/map/mark

naqshah: portrait/model/design/example

nuqsaan: loss

naql: narration/tale/mimicing/copying/aping

naqli: artificial/spurious/counterfiet

nikaah: matrimony

nakbat: calamity/misfortune

================ =======================================
nuktah: subtlety conceit/point of wit/epigram

nuktah been: hypercritical

nuktah cheen: captious

nuktah daan: sagacious
================ =======================================
nigaar: painting/picture/sweetheart/beloved

================ =======================================
nigaah: look/glance/sight/custody/care

nigaah baan: protector/guard
================ =======================================

nam: moisture/wetness/dampness

nam: moist/wet/damp

namaaz: prayer

numaa'ish: show/display/sight/spectacle

namoonah: example/sample/specimen

================ =======================================
nau: new/fresh/raw

nau bahaar: early spring

nau jawaani: youth/prime of life

nau nihaal: sapling/young man
================ =======================================

nawaazish: kindness/favor/patronage

naubat: turn/time

noor: ight

nihaal: apling

nihaan.: atent/hidden/secret/

niyaaz: desire/plea/poverty/need

niyyat: intention/purpose/will/aim

nek: good/lucky/virtuous/pious

neelaam: auction

nim: middle/half

niyoosh: listening/hearing


################ ################################################## #

vaa-o
-----
o: and

waa: open

waa: again/back

================ =======================================
waa: with

waa bastah: bound together/attached

waa pas: behind/back/returning again

waa rastah: free/delivered/escaped/carefree

waa sokht: aversion/disgust
================ =======================================
waasiq: strong/firm/confident/secure

waajib: necessary/obligatory

waajibaat: duties (plu. of waajib)

waajid: possessor/creator

waahid: unique/one/single/unit

waar: blow/attack/stroke

waar: like/resembling/possessing

waar: day of the week/moment

waaris: heir

waarid: coming/arriving/happening

waaridaat: events/occurences (plu. of waarid)

waastah: account/sake/reason/means/motive

waaste: for/for the sake of

waazih: clear/evident/apparent

waaqi': occuring/happening

waaqi'i: really/actually/truly

waaqi'i: true/real/proper

waalid: father

waalidah: mother

waalah: distracted/mad with love

waan: possessing/endowed with

waahimah: imagination/fancy/whim

wajaahat: dignity/respect/beauty

wajd: ecstasy/rapture/excessive love

wijdaan: ecstasy/rapture/intuition

wujood: existence/essence/being

waj-h: cause/reason/mode/manner/face/appearance

wajeeh: handsome/respectable/good appearance

waHshat: solitude/grief/fear/sadness/loneliness

waHeed: singular/unique/alone

widaad: friendship/love/affection

widaa': farewell

wadood: loving/friendly

war: possessing/having

warnah: and if not/otherwise

wazn: weight/measure/metre/rhyme/esteem/honor

waseem: handsome/fine countenance

wash: like/resembling

wasf: praise/merit/virtue

wusool: collection/acquisition

wasiyyat: testament/last will/legacy/bequest

wazaahat: vivid description

waza': state/position/situation

watan: native country

wa'dah: promise/agreement

waghairah: et cetera/and so forth

================ =======================================
wafaa: fulfilling a promise/fulfilment/fidelity

wafaa begaanah: faithless

wafaa daar: faithful/sincere
================ =======================================

wafaat: death

waqt: time/term/season/hour/opportunity

waqf: religious bequest

wakaalat: advocacy/attorneyship

wakeel: lawyer/attorney

wilaayat: a foreign country/abroad/realm/union with God

walee: lord/prince/master/friend/guardian

wahm: imagination/idea/fancy/opinion/fear/suspicion

wairaagi: ascetic/recluse

weeraan: desolate/ruined

weeraanah: a ruined place

weeraani: desolation/destruction/ruin



################ ################################################## #

hhoTi he
--------
haatif: angel/voice from heaven

haath: hand/arm/clutches/power/slap/reach

haadi: guide/leader/director

haar: necklace/garland

haar: loss/defeat/fatigue

haalah: halo/nimbus/circle round the moon

haamoon: desert/plain/level ground

haawiyah: the lowest region of hell

haa'ilah terrible/horrible

huboot: decline/downfall/descent

hibah: gift/bequest/grant

hatauRa: sledgehammer

hatauRee: small hammer

hathyaar: tool/weapon

hathelee: palm of the hand

hijr: separation/absence from one's country

hijrat: separation/flight (flight of the Prophet

rom Mecca to Medina)

hujoom: crowd/mob/tumult/assault/attack

hidaayat: instruction/guidance/righteousness

hadaf: target/goal/object

hazaa: this

================ =======================================
har: all/every/each

har ek: every one

har baar: every time

har jaa'ee: vagabond/faithless

har dam: every moment
================ =======================================

hiraas: fear/terror/confusion/sorrow/disappointment

harj: tumult/sedition/trouble/loss/harm/injury

harzah: nonsense/absurd/frivolous/vain

hargiz: ever/never

haryaalee: greeness/freshness/grass

hazl: joke/jest/pleasantries

hasti: life/existence

hushyaar: intelligent/alert/awake

haftah: a week

hakaazah: similarly

halaak: ruined/destroyed

halaak: ruin/destruction/slaughter/death

hilaal: new moon/the crescent

================ =======================================

ham: also/likewise/together/with/similar



ham bazm: of the same society

ham batn: related by blood

ham batn: blood-relation/close ally

ham taa: equal/alike

ham jalees: close friend



ham jolee: playmate/equal/peer/friend



ham dard: sympathizer/partner in adversity

ham raaz: confidant

ham raah: fellow-traveller

ham zabaan.: unanimous/of the same language

ham saaz: friendly/unanimous

ham saayah: neighbor

ham safar: fellow-traveller

ham mazhab: coreligionist

ham nasheen: playmate/associate
================ =======================================

humaa: eagle/phoenix/bird of Paradise

humaayun: august/royal/fortunate

himmat: spirit/mind/courage/desire/design

hameshaah: always

han.gaam: season/time/period

han.gaamah: tumult/riot/uproar/confusion/disorder

hawaa: wind/breeze/air/atmosphere

hawas: ambition/desire/lust

hosh: sense/mind/understanding

haul: terror/horror/fright

hunar: skill/art

heeraa: diamond

hai'at: astronomy/face/figure;commission/delegation

################ ################################################## #


i ye/baRi ye
------------
yaa: O!
yaa: either/or

================ =======================================
yaad: remembrance/memory/recollection

yaad daasht: a note/memorandum/memory

yaad gaar: emorial/souvenir/keepsake
================ =======================================

yaar: friend/lover/companion

yaaraa: strength/courage/power

yaaraanah: friendship

yaaraanah: friendly

yaari: friendship/assistance/love/intrigue

yaas: despair/fear/terror

yaaghi: rebel/enemy

yaaqoot: ruby/garnet

yaawar: aiding/friendly

yaawar: assistant/companion/friend

yaawari: favor/assistance/friendship

yaawah: absurd/vain/futile/lost/ruined

yataamaa: orphans (plu. of yateem)

yateem: orphan

yad: hand/power/authority/protection/succor

yazdaan: God

yasaar: left/left hand; affluence/opulence

ya'ni: namely/that is to say

================ =======================================
yaqin: certainity/assurance/truth/confidence/trust

yaqinan: certainly/verily/assuredly/indeed
================ =======================================

yak: one/a/an

yak jaan: one soul

yak dil: unanimous

yak rukhee: one-sided

yak zabaan: uniform opinion or speech

yak sar: all at once

yak soo: on one side/aside

yak lakht: all at once/suddenly

yaktaa: single/unique/matchless/incomparable

yagaanah: kinsman/kindred

yagaanah: unique/single/sole/agreed/unequalled

yumn: felicity/prosperity/good luck

yamin: right hand; oath

yoorish: assault/storm/invasion

yaum: a day



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